Pain
pain is here. For pain in the sense of "suffering", see suffering. For other uses, see Pain (disambiguation).
pain is defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) as "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or in respect of such damage".
The pain is often the result of nociception, [1] activity in the nervous system, resulting from stimulation of nociceptors. This activity is to the brain, the damage is usually via the spinal cord, and give information without awareness, or near the property-of tissue. The pain is the conscious experience of sensory information and a sense of discomfort that manifest as a result of nociception. Neuropathic pain differs from nociceptive pain in that there is damage to the nerves what the feeling of pain. There is also a central pain, the pain produced in the brain from some form of lesion that is very difficult to treat for medical professionals. Occasionally, psychogenic pain, which means that by mental illness, but this is extremely rare. triggers
As part of the body's immune system, pain, the mental and physical behavior, aimed at the painful experience. It is also a feedback system that promotes learning, repetition of the painful situation less likely. The nociceptive system can be transmitted trigger signals that the feeling of pain, it is a crucial component of the body's ability to respond to noxious stimuli, and it is part of a rapid warning relay instructing different organs and mainly to initiate the central nervous system reactions minimize the risk of injury.
Description
[edit] Intensity
Pain May range in intensity from mild to severe agony and can be used as permanent or intermittent. It may be experienced as sharp, throbbing, dull, loathing, burning, shooting or a combination thereof. The threshold of pain would have great differences between individuals. Pain May be quantified on a numerical pain rating scale (NRS), ranging from 1-10 points, as the accuracy of the scale (with an average of 4 or more) for the prediction of pain, which is functioning with [2]
* sensitivity 64% specificity 83% *
[edit] Localization
localization is not always accurate in the definition of problem Area. Some may refer pain sensations or the diffuse. Referred pain, which usually takes visceral disease occurs when sensory fibers of the entry, enter the same segment of the spinal cord as somatic nerves, ie the superficial tissues. The sensory nerves of the registration stimulates the nerves close to the spinal cord and the pain felt in the sensory area of the brain, the origin is in the area of the somatic nerves. An example of this is damaging his left shoulder pain associated with heart. [3]
This subjective localization of pain to an area of the body defines a type of pain such as neck pain, Skin pain, kidney pain, or painful contractions of the uterus during birth. This sharing the pain is not fully in line with the scientists' model of pain as a subjective experience
Nurses use the PQRST method to the pain
P = provocation / palliation. What were you doing when the pain start? What it is what makes it better? Worse? It seems that trigger? stress? position? Certain activities? arguments? If they seem to be getting better or getting worse, or is it still the same? What relieves them: changing diet changing position to take medication active rest?? What makes (the problem) worse?
Q = quality / quantity: How does it feel? Is it hot? Dull? Stabbing? Burning? Break? Throbbing? Loathing? Shooting? Twist? Stretching? Other? (The person should suffer the pains to describe, say the pain, rather than what they think you would like.) How does it feel, look or sound? How much is it?
R = Region / Radiation: Where is the pain? If the pain radiates (ie, is at a different location, eg. Source of pain from the thumb, but spreads to displace the pain)? Where there is radiation? Is this all in one place? Does it go anywhere else? Did it start elsewhere and now localized to one place? How does it feel, he is moving / moved to?
S = Severity scale: How strong the pain on a scale of 0 to 10, zero, no pain at all and 10 the worst pain ever? Is it compatible with activities? How bad is it if it is in its worst? Is it set to force you to lie down, slow down? How long does an episode?
T = Timing: When did the pain start, at what time? How long did it take? How often does it occur? Is it suddenly or gradually? What were you doing when you first experienced or noticed? How often can you do it: Hourly wage? Daily? Weekly? Monthly? If you experience generally up: during the day? Night? In the early morning? If you ever awakened from him? Is there lead to something else? Is it by other signs and symptoms? Did it ever occur before, during or after eating? Does it occur seasonally? Other questions to ask
, in assessing a person in pain therapy: All medications or allergies? Does it hurt to
deep inspiration?
beginning of the activities?
Each story of the pain?
Is it the same, right?
Different?
Each family, Heart disease, lung problems, diabetes, stroke, high blood pressure?
Check LOC
pupils?
JVD?
Midline trachea?
All recent trauma?
The goal for these questions are as specific as possible in the description of the pain: when and where, what, it feels like ... The more specific and detailed information, the better it is to diagnose the problem / cause and find a way to alleviate them.
sources of pain
The experience of physiological pain can be grouped according to the source and related nociceptors (pain-detecting neurons).
* Cutaneous pain caused by damage to the skin or superficial tissues. Cutaneous nociceptors terminate just below the skin, and the high concentration of nerve endings, a well-defined, localized pain of short duration. Examples of breaches of the skin produce the pain of paper cuts, minor cuts, minor (first degree) burns and torn.
* Somatic pain originates from ligaments, tendons, bones, blood vessels, nerves, and even himself. It is with somatic nociceptors. The scarcity of pain receptors in these areas, a dull, poorly localized pain longer than the duration of skin pain, sprains are examples and fractures. Myofascial pain is usually caused by trigger points in muscles, tendons and fascia and can take place or is referenced. * Visceral pain
comes from body's viscera or organs. Visceral nociceptors are located within the body's organs and internal cavities. The even greater lack of nociceptors in these areas produces pain that usually more pain and longer duration than somatic pain. Visceral pain is extremely difficult to locate, and several injuries to visceral tissue exhibit "referred" pain, where the feeling is localized to a completely separate area on the site of injury. Myocardial ischaemia (the loss of blood flow to a part of the heart muscle tissue) is perhaps the best known example of referred pain that occur sensation can, in the upper chest feel as restricted, or as a pain in the left shoulder, arm - Or even hand. Popularized the term "brain freeze" is another example of referred pain, which is in the vagus nerve by cold in the throat. Referred pain can be explained by the findings that pain receptors in the viscera also excite neurons of the spinal cord, the passion for cutaneous tissue. Since the brain normally firing of these neurons in the spinal cord connects with stimulation of somatic Tissue in skin or muscle, pain signals from the internal organs through the brain than from the skin. The theory that convergence of visceral and somatic pain receptors, and form synapses on the same spinal cord pain-transmitting neurons is called "Ruch's Hypothesis". * Phantom limb pain
, a type of pain called, is the sensation of pain from a limb that has been lost or from which a person no longer receives physical signals. It's an experience almost universally amputees and quadriplegics.
* Neuropathic pain can occur as a result of injuries or diseases of the nervous tissue. This can interfere the ability of sensory nerves to transmit information to the right thalamus, and hence the brain interprets painful stimuli even though there is no obvious or known physiologic cause of the pain. Neuropathic pain is, as already mentioned, the disease of pain. It is not the only definition of chronic pain, but to meet its criteria.
[edit] Possible causes of the pain from the region
Note: not an independent diagnostic guide is visceral pain sensation
dermatome often by the CNS to a region that may be far away from the office of origin. These correlate the position of the Authority and the embryo. Examples are the hearts that originate in the neck, so that production of the classic pain and arm pain during acute cardiac pain.
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